Hyderabad was annexed by the Indian Union in 1948 and continued as a capital of Hyderabad State (1948–56). As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad, the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947. Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahis from 1769 to 1948. In 1724, Mughal Viceroy Nizam Asaf Jah I declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty, also known as the Nizams. In 1687, the city was annexed by the Mughals. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad in 1591 to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda. With an output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad has the fifth-largest urban economy in India. According to the 2011 Census of India, Hyderabad is the fourth-most populous city in India with a population of 6.9 million residents within the city limits, and has a population of 9.7 million residents in the metropolitan region, making it the sixth-most populous metropolitan area in India.
With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including the Hussain Sagar lake, predating the city's founding, in the north of the city centre. It occupies 650 km 2 (250 sq mi) on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of South India. Hyderabad ( / ˈ h aɪ d ər ə b æ d/ ( listen) HY-dər-ə-bad, Telugu:, Urdu: ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh.
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